Cytokines
Viruses are equally a threat to plants, bacteria, animals, and humans. They use their hosts to reproduce and can thereby damage them. This can lead, for example, to crop or farm animal losses and pandemics. On the other hand, viruses serve as tools for genetic engineering and the targeted modification of genomes.
Modern virology characterises viruses molecularly and functionally and uses this information to develop diagnostic tests, antiviral drugs and vaccines. Traditionally, virology largely relied on microscopic methods. Nowadays, microplate-based assays increase throughput and enable the measurement of replication, virus neutralization, binding of molecules to viral particles and much more.
Virus assays range from simple ELISA assays for measuring antibody titer to live-cell assays to measure replication. The variety of virus assays in combination with the need for cell-based methods requires a flexible microplate reader.
The CLARIOstar®Plus microplate reader offers this flexibility. It is a modular multi-mode reader that can be equipped with fluorescence, luminescence, absorbance and advanced detection modes. With its Atmospheric Control Unit, it is further optimized for live-cell assays as it creates the optimal environment for long-term cell-based experiments. The CLARIOstar Plus can be equipped with a red-shifted PMT for increased sensitivity with fluorophores emitting in the red range of light. These are often used in cell assays to avoid autofluorescence.
The PHERAstar FSX multi-mode microplate reader is the ideal platform for screening departments, where potential anti-viral compounds have to be detected quickly and efficiently in high throughput. In addition, it can quickly and effortlessly measure all FRET, TR-FRET and fluorescence polarization dual emission assays. These are often used in binding/interaction assays for anti-viral compound screens.
Resources
Browse our Resources section for information about specific applications, literature citations, videos, blog articles and many other publications. Many of the resources provided are associated with current and previous instrument models and versions.
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Immuno-oncology biomarker measurement with high sensitivity and speed using SimpleStep ELISA kits and SPECTROstar Nano
Mallori Milligan (1) , Scott Detmer (1) , Carl Peters (2), (1) Abcam, Cambridge, UK , (2) BMG LABTECH, Cary, NC, 06/2020 - 341
Highly sensitive ELISAs in 90-minutes: SimpleStep ELISA kits and the SPECTROstar Nano
Mallori Milligan (1) , Scott Detmer (1) , Carl Peters (2), (1) Abcam, Cambridge, UK , (2) BMG LABTECH, Cary, NC, 10/2019 - 260
Miniaturization of a cell-based TNF-α AlphaLISA assay using Echo liquid handler and the PHERAstar FS
Carl Peters (1) , Bonnie Edwards (2), (1) BMG LABTECH , (2) Labcyte, 12/2014 - 213
The ELISAONE assay performed on a multi-mode microplate reader from BMG LABTECH
Miriam Uppill , Antony Sheehan , Ron Osmond, TGR BioSciences Pty Ltd, 03/2011 - 184
Multiplex analysis of inflammatory cytokines from primary human macrophages using a FLUOstar Omega
Brenda E. Mutch , Kate Willetts , Emma Timms , Brian MJ Foxwell, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, 12/2008
Protein kinase C eta is activated in reactive astrocytes of an Alzheimer\'s disease mouse model: Evidence for its immunoregulatory function in primary astrocytes
Read articleGlia
Malassezia spp. induce inflammatory cytokines and activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in phagocytes
Read articleJ. Leukoc. Biol.
The Immunomodulatory Metabolite Itaconate Modifies NLRP3 and Inhibits Inflammasome Activation
Read articleCell Metab.
Kynurenine, Tetrahydrobiopterin, and Cytokine Inflammatory Biomarkers in Individuals Affected by Diabetic Neuropathic Pain
Read articleFront. Neurosci.
Doxorubicin generates senescent microglia that exhibit altered proteomes, higher levels of cytokine secretion, and a decreased ability to internalize amyloid β
Read articleExp. Cell Res.
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